ECA stands for electrochemical activation and is a technology that has been employed for more than 100 years, although it was not until the 1970s that the physicochemical properties of ECA were extensively researched at the All-Russian Institute for Medical Engineering​

The transformation of low mineral salt solutions into an activated metastable state, by electrochemical unipolar action, generates two separate and distinct compounds, generically termed anolyte and catholyte, which correspond to their derivative electrode chambers:

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the anodic (positive charge) solution contains a variety of oxidants, including hypochlorous acid, singlet oxygen, peroxide anion, superoxide, ozone, monoatomic oxygen, and free radicals, known to possess antimicrobial properties

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the cathodic (negative charge) solution develops detergent properties and contains sodium or potassium hydroxide in a highly excited state

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The use of electrolysis for producing reductant-oxidant solutions is used in the processes of water purification and decontamination, as well as for transforming water or diluted electrolyte solutions into environmentally friendly anti-microbial, washing, extractive, and other functionally useful solutions.

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This is largely due to ECA high activity, use of cheap raw materials, and ease of production.

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The system produces a liquid disinfectant, non-toxic and degradable, capable of destroying bacteria, spores, viruses, moulds, yeasts, fungi, and biofilms (biological incrustations) on pipes and removing odors. Its operation requires only water, Sodium or Potassium Chloride (salt), and electricity.

Electrolyzed water  or ECA describes two solutions—a powerful sanitizer and disinfectant (HOCl) and a grease-cutting cleaner which an electrolyzed water ECA system produces through the process of electrolysis. The Hypochlorous acid in Anolyte, acts as a high-efficacy sanitizer, while the Sodium or Potassium hydroxide, Catholyte, is a broad spectrum cleaning solution. The Anolyte or Hypochlorous acid, the disinfectant, will eliminate most common types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores within seconds of its application, and has tested to be 80 percent more powerful at 50 parts per million than chlorine bleach at 200 parts per million. The Catholyte or sodium hydroxide, a non-foaming detergent, is an effective solution for all-purpose cleaning.